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增強英語語句表現(xiàn)力的有效方法
縱觀多年來國家四、六級英語作文考試,考生作文成績欠佳的主要原因除了準確性和連貫性差之外,語句軟弱無力也是不容忽略的一個方面。因此在英語寫作教學中,如何增強語句表現(xiàn)力的問題必須引起我們足夠的重視,以提高學生寫作的表達質量。為此,筆者結合自己的寫作教學實踐,針對該項技能的訓練提出了一些切實可行的有效做法,供廣大同仁和英語學習者參考借鑒。
一、避免使用語意弱的“be”動詞。
1、把句中的表語轉換為不同的修飾語。例如:
Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.
Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (轉換為前置定語)
Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (轉換為并列結構作后置定語)
2、將作表語用的形容詞或名詞變?yōu)樾袨閯釉~。例如:
1) Weak: The team members are good players.
Revision: The team members play well.
2) Weak: One workers plan is the elimination of tardiness.
Revision: One workers plan eliminates tardiness.
3、在以“here”或“there”開頭的句子中,把“be”動詞后的名詞代詞變成改寫句的主語。例如:
1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.
Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.
2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.
Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.
二、多用語意具體的動詞,保持句意簡潔明了。例如:
1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.
Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.
2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.
Better: She compares prices and quality.
三、盡量運用主動語態(tài)。例如:
1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.
Better: Charity has supported the organization.
2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.
Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.
四、防止使用語意冗長累贅的詞語。例如:
1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.
Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.
2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.
Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.
3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.
Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.
五、杜絕濫用陳舊詞語或難懂的專業(yè)術語。例如:
1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.
Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.
2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.
Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.
拓展:關于寫好英語句子的有效方法
一、代入法
這是進行英語寫作時最常用的方法。同學們在掌握一定的詞匯和短語之后,結合一定的語法知識,按照句子的結構特點,直接用英語代人相應的句式即可。如:
◎ 他從不承認自己的失敗。
He never admits his failure.
◎ 那項比賽吸引了大批觀眾。
The match attracted a large crowd.
◎ 他把蛋糕分成4塊。
He divided the cake into four pieces.
二、還原法
即把疑問句、強調句、倒裝句等還原成基本結構。這是避免寫錯句子的一種有效的辦法。如:
◎ 這是開往格拉斯哥的火車嗎?
Is this the train for Glasgow?
還原為陳述句:This is the train for Glasgow.
◎ 他是因為愛我的錢才同我結了婚。
It was because he loved my money that he married me.
還原為非強調句:Because he loved my money, he married me.
◎ 光速很快,我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
還原為正常語序:Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.
三、分解法
就是把一個句子分成兩個或兩個以上的句子。這樣既能把意思表達得更明了,又能減少寫錯句子的幾率。如:
◎ 我們要干就要干好。
If we do a thing, we should do it well.
◎ 從各地來的學生中有許多是北方人。
There are students here from all over thecountry. Many of them are from the North.
四、合并法
就是把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用一個復合句或較復雜的簡單句表達出來。這種方法最能體現(xiàn)學生的英語表達能力,同時也最能提高文章的可讀性。如:
◎ 我們迷路了,這使我們的野營旅行變成了一次冒險。
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.
◎ 天氣轉晴了,這是我們沒有想到的。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we couldexpect.
◎ 狼是高度群體化的動物,它們的成功依賴于合作。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their coopera-tion.
五、刪減法
就是在寫英語句子時,把相應漢語句子里的某些詞、短語或重復的成分刪掉或省略。如:
◎ 這部打字機真是價廉物美。
This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.
注:漢語表達中的“價”和“物”在英語中均無需譯出。
◎ 個子不高不是人生中的嚴重缺陷。
Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life,
注:漢語說“個子不高”,其實就是“不高”。也就是說,其中的“個子”在英語中無需譯出。
六、移位法
由于英語和漢語在表達習慣上存在差異,根據(jù)表達的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:
◎ 他發(fā)現(xiàn)賺點外快很容易。
He found it easy to earn extra money.
注:it在此為形式賓語,真正的賓語是句末的不定式to earn extra money。
◎ 告訴我這事的人不肯告訴我他的名字。
The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.
注:who told me this為修飾the man的定語從句,應置于其后。
◎ 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正體會到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
注:not…until…為英語中的固定句式,其意為“直到……才……”。
七、分析法
指根據(jù)要表示的漢語意思,通過進行語法分析和句式判斷,然后寫出準確地道的英語句子。如:
◎ 從這個角度看,問題并不像人們一般料想的那樣嚴重。Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
注:分詞短語作狀語時,其邏輯主語應與句子主語一致,由于the matter與sec之間為被動關系,故see要用過去分詞scen。
◎ 我沒有見過他,所以說不出他的模樣。
Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.
注:如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,且與邏輯主語是主動關系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
八、意譯法
有的同學在寫句子時,一遇見生詞或不熟悉的表達,就以為是“山窮水盡”了。其實,此時我們可以設法繞開難點,在保持原意的基礎上,用不同的表達方式寫出來。如:
◎ 湯姆一直在擾亂別的孩子,我就把他攆了出去。
Tom was upsetting the otherchildren, so I showed him the door.
◎ 有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is away.
◎ 你可以同我們一起去或是呆在家中,悉聽尊便。
You can go with us or stay athome, whichever you choose.
當然,同學們在寫句子時千萬不要拿句子去套方法,也不要拿方法去套句子。處處留心皆學問。只要加強知識的積累,一定還會有更多更好的方法。
[學習方法]一日一詞根 輕松背單詞(十六)
。蹖W習方法]一日一詞根 輕松背單詞(十六)
Day 16 你確定嗎-cert- (sure)
certain adj.確定的,某一個,無疑的,必然的,可靠的; pron.某幾個,某些
uncertain adj.無常的,不確認的,不可預測的,靠不住的
certainty n.確定,確實的事情
uncertainty n.無常,不確定,不可靠,半信半疑
ascertain vt.確定,探知
certify v.證明,保證
certificate n.證書,證明書;vt.發(fā)給證明書,以證書形式授權給…
certification n. 證明
certified adj.被鑒定的
certifiable adj.可保證的,可證明的,可確認的
certitude n.確實,確信
concert n.音樂會,一致
concerted adj.商議定的,協(xié)定的,(樂)協(xié)調的
disconcert vt.使驚惶,使倉惶失措,破壞
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