九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)第十七單元What was it used for ?

科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 初三
文件　middle3 unit17.1.doc
標(biāo)題
章節(jié) 第十七單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ . 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
market , bridge , museum , crossing , across , group , glass - topped , point , surprise , teapot , thermos , thirsty , found , sign , entrance , exit , smoke
on show , hundreds of , a group of , point at , be surprised , make tea , move on , break down , wear it a lot , go across the bridge
Ⅱ . 句型學(xué)習(xí)
Turn right at the second crossing .
Take the second turning on the left .
The P.R.C was founded on October 1 , 1949 .
Ⅲ . 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及運(yùn)用。
Ⅳ . 交際英語(yǔ)
問(wèn)路和應(yīng)答；常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志和說(shuō)明
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . market 市場(chǎng)；集市；銷(xiāo)路
She went to the market to but vegetables .
The market for cotton is weak . 棉花的銷(xiāo)路不旺。
［點(diǎn)撥］market 指經(jīng)常出售貨品的“市集”，fair 指定期的“集市”，一般在鄉(xiāng)下或小鎮(zhèn)舉行。
2 . bridge 橋
We built five bridges last year .
The bridge was built five hundred years ago .
［點(diǎn)撥］burn one\'s bridges 背水一戰(zhàn)，不留后路。
3 . museum 博物館
I visited the museum yesterday . 我昨天參觀了博物館。
I went to the Palace Museum in Beijing last year . 去年我參觀了北京故宮博物館。
［點(diǎn)撥］the British Museum 不列顛博物館。
4 . crossing 十字路口；人行橫道；交叉點(diǎn)
We must look at traffic lights at crossing . 在十字路口一定要看交通信號(hào)燈。
This is crossing of two roads . 這是兩條路的交叉點(diǎn)。
［點(diǎn)撥］at a crossing 在十字路口。
5 . across 橫過(guò)；穿過(guò)；在……的另一邊 ( 介詞 )
I walked across the street . 我橫穿大街。
He swam across the river . 他游過(guò)河去。
There is a bridge across the rive .
The hospital is across the street . 醫(yī)院在街對(duì)面。
［點(diǎn)撥］across 主要強(qiáng)調(diào)從某物的一端橫越到另一端。through強(qiáng)調(diào)從中間穿過(guò)。
6 . group 組，一組。
The students discussed these questions in groups . 學(xué)生們分組討論了這些問(wèn)題。
A group of students are planting trees . 一組學(xué)生在植樹(shù)。
［點(diǎn)撥］a group of 一群 ( 組 ) 。in a group = in groups 成群地
7 . point 指；旨向；指引 ( 動(dòng)詞 )
He pointed at the picture on the wall . 他指著墻上的畫(huà)。
He pointed the way to the station . 他指引到車(chē)站的路。
He pointed to the birds in the tree . 他指著樹(shù)上的鳥(niǎo)。
［點(diǎn)撥］point at sth 表示指點(diǎn)近處的物體。point to sth . 表示指向遠(yuǎn)處的某物。
8 . surprise 1 ) 使驚奇；使感意外 ( 動(dòng)詞 )
The news greatly surprised us . = We were surprised
greatly at the news . 這消息使我們大為吃驚。
2 ) 驚奇，詫異 ( 名詞 )
He heard the news without surprise . 他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，并不感到驚奇。
［點(diǎn)撥］to one\'s surprise 使某人吃驚的是。in surprise 吃驚地。
9 . thirsty 口渴的 ( 形容詞 )
I feel thirsty . 我口渴
Salty food makes us thirsty . 咸的食品使我們口渴。
［點(diǎn)撥］thirsty 的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)有兩種形式：thirstier , thirstiest 或加 more , most . be thirsty for 渴望…。thirst 是名詞“渴”。
10 . PLA 中國(guó)人民解放軍
He is a PLA man . 他是一位中國(guó)人民解放軍。
［點(diǎn)撥］PLA 的全稱為 People\'s Liberation Army
11 . PRC 中華人民共和國(guó) ( 全稱為 People\'s Republic of China )
The People\'s Republic of China was founded in 1949 .
12 . Party 共產(chǎn)黨 ( 小寫(xiě)指黨、政黨；聚會(huì) )
The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921 .
［點(diǎn)撥］join the Party 入黨。
13 . found 成立；建立 ( 動(dòng)詞 )
They founded this school last year .
［點(diǎn)撥］found 的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞為 founded 。founder 為創(chuàng)始人。
14 . sign 標(biāo)志；符號(hào)；跡象；招牌
The“Stop”sign changes“go” . 紅燈變成了綠燈。 ( 交通信號(hào) )
These are traffic signs . 這些是交通標(biāo)志。
The weather shows no signs of getting better . 天氣沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象。
He made a sign for me to follow him . 他打了個(gè)手勢(shì)，要我跟著他去。
Shops often have signs outside showing what the shops sell . 商店常在外面掛個(gè)牌子標(biāo)明所出售的東西。
15 . entrance 入口；入場(chǎng)；進(jìn)入 ( 名詞 )
This is the entrance to the cinema . 這是電影院的入口。
He passed the entrance examination for college . 他通過(guò)了大學(xué)的入學(xué)考試。
Her father made a sudden entrance . 她父親突然進(jìn)來(lái)了。
［點(diǎn)撥］entrance 后常接 to 表示“……的入口”。其動(dòng)詞為 enter .
16 . exit 出口；太平門(mén)
There is another exit in the building . 這棟建筑還有另外一個(gè)出口。
17 . smoke 1 ) 吸煙，冒煙 ( 動(dòng)詞 ) 2 ) 煙 ( 名詞 )
The fireplace is smoking . 壁爐是冒著煙。
My father is always smoking . 我父親老是吸煙。
［點(diǎn)撥］have a smoke 抽煙。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . in the centre of 在……的中心
We live in the centre of the city . 我們住在該城市中心。
He placed the roses in the centre of the dining - room table . 他將玫瑰花放
在餐桌中央。
2 . on show 展覽，陳列
She was fond of looking at new dress on show .
What is on show in the Museum ?
There will be something new on show next month in Wuhan . 下個(gè)月在武漢有些新東西展覽。
3 . hundreds of 數(shù)面
Hundreds of workers work in this factory . 數(shù)百名工人在這個(gè)工廠工作。
4 . point at ( 用手 ) 指向，指出
One of the boys was pointing at something in the garden . 其中一個(gè)男孩，用手指向花園里的一件東西。
The teacher is pointing at the map of China on the wall .
老師指著墻上的中國(guó)地圖。
It\'s rude to point your finger at people . 用手指人是不禮貌的。
5 . these days 現(xiàn)在，目前；如今
He is working hard these days . 他現(xiàn)在工作很努力。
Tom\'s trouble is very common to boys these days . 湯姆的毛病在如今男孩中是很普遍的。
6 . move on 動(dòng)身，出發(fā)，繼續(xù)往前走
They keep moving on from one place to another .
他們一直從一個(gè)地方走到另一個(gè)地方。
It was raining hard , but the officer told us to move on . 天下著大雨，但長(zhǎng)宮叫我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。
7 . begin with 以……開(kāi)始
We began with the first lesson . 我們從第一課開(kāi)始。
8 . end with 以……結(jié)束
He ended his letter with good wishes to the family . 他以向全家問(wèn)好結(jié)束了他的信。
9 . in the old days ( 在 ) 從前，過(guò)去
That\'s what we did in China in the old days , before thermoses were invented . 那就是在舊中國(guó)，暖瓶發(fā)明以前我們的作法。
He could remember the things in the old days .
10 . look up 查閱
If you don\'t know the meaning of a word , look it up in a dictionary . 如果你不懂某個(gè)詞的意思，可以查一個(gè)字典。
You can look up her telephone number in the book . 你可以在電話號(hào)碼本查一下她的電話號(hào)碼。
11 . get out ( of ) 出來(lái)，離開(kāi)
There were so many people in the doorway that we could hardly get out . 問(wèn)口有那么多人，我們簡(jiǎn)直走不出去了。
He gets out the lift . 他從電梯里面出來(lái)了。
We got out of the cinema at 10 : 30 .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . 表語(yǔ)從句的句型
That\'s what we did in China in the old days .那就是我們中國(guó)從前的作法。
［明晰］What we did China in the old days 是表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，它位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞之后。又如：
That\'s why she is so happy .
This is what we want .
The question is whether can finish our work by tomorrow evening .
2 . make + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形
It makes me feel thirsty . 它使我感到口渴。
［明晰］①make 在此句中是“使，迫使”之意。make sb . do sth . 是一種跟不帶 to 的不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，feel thirsty 就是不帶 to 的不定式，作句中賓語(yǔ) me 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
He made them fear him . 他使他們懼怕他。
②在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，make 后面的不定式帶 to . 如：
He was made to do it . 別人使他做的。
在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，在 feel , hear , see , listen to , notice , watch , make , have , let 等動(dòng)詞之后的賓補(bǔ)，不定式通常不帶 to。但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，這些動(dòng)詞后不定式要帶 to。例如：
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：We heard him sing in the next room .
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Hw was heard to sing in the next room .
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . What was it used for ? 它用來(lái)干什么的 ?
［釋疑］這是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，助動(dòng)詞 be 根據(jù)人稱的變化，變?yōu)?was 或 were。
I was called Xiao Mao at that time . 那時(shí)人們叫我小毛。
They were sent here by Uncle Wang yesterday .
他們是王大叔昨天送到這里來(lái)的。
2 . Can you tell me the way to the museum , please ? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)你能告訴我去博物館的路嗎 ?
［釋疑］下面問(wèn)路的方式很常見(jiàn)：
Where is the museum , please ? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)博物館在哪里 ?
How can I get to the museum ? 我怎么去博物館呢 ?
Which is the way to the museum ? 哪條路是通向博物館的 ?
3 . Turn right at the second crossing . 在第二個(gè)十字路口處向右拐。
［釋疑］這句話也可說(shuō)成 Take the second turning on the right .
4 . Go across the bridge . 穿過(guò)那座橋。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) across 為介詞，“橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)”。cross 為動(dòng)詞，“橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)”。crossing 為名詞，“十字路口；人行橫道；交叉點(diǎn)”。例如：
He can swim across the river . 他能游過(guò)河去。
He swims very well . He can cross the river . 他游泳游得很好，他能游過(guò)河。
Our school is on the corner of the crossing . 我們學(xué)校在十字路口的拐角處。
( 2 ) 辨異：介詞 across 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“橫穿”，而介詞 through 則強(qiáng)調(diào)“從……中間穿過(guò)”。例如：
Go through the back door , and you\'ll find a beautiful garden there . 穿過(guò)后門(mén)，你就會(huì)看到那里有一個(gè)漂亮的花園。
5 . You can\'t miss it . 你不會(huì)看到它的。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) miss 為動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為：fail to hit , catch , find , meet , hear , see , etc . 即：沒(méi)打著，沒(méi)趕上，沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒(méi)遇見(jiàn)，沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，沒(méi)看見(jiàn)等。例如：
He missed the ball . 他沒(méi)接著球。
Did you miss the early bus ? 你沒(méi)趕上早班車(chē)嗎 ?
I\'m sorry I missed you at the station . 很抱歉，我在車(chē)站沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你。
He never missed a day\'s work . 他從來(lái)沒(méi)停過(guò)一天工作。
( 2 ) miss 在口語(yǔ)中，還常常用作“惦記，想念”。例如：
We all miss you very much . 我們都想念你。
You don\'t know how I miss you . 你可不知道我是多么惦記你。
( 3 ) 表示沒(méi)做成什么事情時(shí)，要用 miss doing something 這一形式。例如：
I got up late this morning . I missed catching the train at 6 : 40 . 今天早晨起床遲了，沒(méi)能趕上 6：40 的那趟火車(chē)。
6 . Go up this road to the end . 沿著這條路一直到盡頭。
［釋疑］在看地圖時(shí)，有“上北下南”之說(shuō)，句中的 up 即屬這種用法。
7 . Last week , a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum in the centre of the town . 上星期，三班的一組學(xué)習(xí)決定去參觀城鎮(zhèn)中心的博物館。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) group 為名詞，意為“組，群，隊(duì)”。又如：
There are five students in their study group . 他們的學(xué)習(xí)小組有5位學(xué)生。
Look ! Groups of children are playing on the ground . 瞧，三五成群的孩子在操場(chǎng)上玩耍。
( 2 ) decide to do sth . “決定干某事”。例如：
We\'re decided to visit the East Lake next week . 我們決定下星期去東湖游玩。
Where will you decide to go in the holiday ? 假期你準(zhǔn)備到什么地方去 ?
8 . They saw many old things on show in glass - topped tables . 他們觀看了玻璃桌面的桌子里展覽的許多古老的東西。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) on show “展覽，陳列”。例如：
The pictures on show are drawn by her . 展出的圖畫(huà)都是她畫(huà)的。
My handwriting will be on show next week . 我的書(shū)法將于個(gè)個(gè)星期展出。
What\'s on show tonight ? ( 根據(jù)具體情景，可譯為 ) 今晚上演什么電影 ? 或：今晚有什么 ( 電視 ) 節(jié)目 ?
( 2 ) 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在它所修飾的名詞后面，如不只一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)序與漢語(yǔ)的相反。所以，句中的 on show 須放在 in glass - topped tables 前面。例如：
Can you see the cat under the table in corner ? 你看見(jiàn)墻角桌子下面的那只貓嗎 ?
The woman with a baby on her back is Li Ming\'s mother .
9 . Some of the things were hundreds of years old . 其中一些物品距今已有幾百年的時(shí)間了。
［釋疑］hundreds of…“數(shù)百……”，其中 hundreds 是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，例如：hundreds of children 幾百個(gè)孩子， hundreds of flowers 好幾百種花
注意：one hundred , two hundred , three hundred 中的 hundred 是數(shù)詞，不可加 s。
10 . She pointed at one of the things . 她指著其中一件物品。
［釋疑］在這里 point 為動(dòng)詞，“指，指向”。例如：
It is not polite to point at a person . 指著別人是失禮的。
He pointed to the house at the foot of the hill and said : “That is my home . ”
Can you point out the two mistakes in this sentence ? 你能指出這句子的兩處錯(cuò)誤嗎 ?
11 . It says here , on this card , that it was used in plays . 這兒，在這張卡片上寫(xiě)著，那是戲劇中用的。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) “……上寫(xiě)著”，英語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞 say。又如：
Here is a postcard for you . It says：“Happy New Year to you . ”這里有一張你的明信片，上面寫(xiě)著“祝你新年快樂(lè)”。
The blackboard says that we\'ll have a football match against Class Two tomorrow . 黑板上寫(xiě)著明天我們有一場(chǎng)對(duì)二班的足球比賽。
( 2 ) 賓語(yǔ)從句前由于有逗號(hào)斷開(kāi)，連接記號(hào) that 不可省略。
12 . She was surprised . 她感到驚奇。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) surprise 作動(dòng)詞用，指“使人驚奇，使人意外”。例如：
What he said surprised us . 他講的話使我們感到驚訝。
Did the bad news surprise her ? 這壞消息使她感到意外嗎 ?
( 2 ) surprised 作形容詞用，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，意為“驚訝的”。例如：
I was much surprised at the result . 我對(duì)結(jié)果感到詫異。
They were all surprised to hear that . 聽(tīng)到那件事，他們都覺(jué)得奇怪。
13 . Isn\'t it beautiful ! 它不美麗嗎 ? ( 它真美麗 ! )
［釋疑］用否定疑問(wèn)句表示驚嘆，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)用感嘆號(hào)。
14 . It was used for keeping tea hot after it was made . 那是在茶泡好后用來(lái)保溫的。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) keeping tea hot 中的形容詞 hot 作賓語(yǔ) tea 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
Please keep your eyes closed . 請(qǐng)一直把雙眼閉著。
You must keep the room clean . 你們務(wù)必保持房間清潔。
( 2 ) make tea “沏茶，泡茶”。又如：
But in England we still make tea in teapots . 然而在英國(guó)，我們?nèi)匀辉诓鑹乩锱莶琛?
15 . That\'s what we did in China in the old days . 那就是中國(guó)在古老的時(shí)候，我們所采用的沏茶方法。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) what we did in China in the old days 是表語(yǔ)從句。
( 2 ) what we did 字面含義“我們所做的”。這里用來(lái)指課文前面提到的把小茶壺放在另一個(gè)大罐子里保溫的方法。
16 . It makes me feel thirsty . 它使我感到口渴。
［釋疑］feel thirsty 是不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作賓語(yǔ) me 的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
17 . The group of girls all moved on and had a good drink of tea together , from a modern thermos ! 這一群女生都繼續(xù)往前走去，從現(xiàn)代的保溫瓶里倒了茶，一起痛痛快快地喝了個(gè)夠。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) 副詞 on 放在動(dòng)詞后，表示動(dòng)詞繼續(xù)下去。又如：
They worked on there though it was raining heavily . 雖然當(dāng)時(shí)下著大雨，他們?nèi)栽谀抢锔苫睢?
He walked on and on . At last he got out of the forest . 他走啊走啊，最后走出了樹(shù)林。
( 2 ) have a drink of tea “喝茶”
注意下列帶有 have 一詞短語(yǔ)的含義：have a look 瞧一瞧，have a rest 休息一下，have a try 試一試，have a walk 散散步，have a meeting 開(kāi)會(huì)
18 . When was the party founded ? 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨是什么時(shí)候成立的 ?
［釋疑］句中的 Party 第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)，指的是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，英文全稱為：the Chinese Communist Party 或 the Communist Party of China .
19 . It was founded on July 1 , 1921 . 他是1921年7月1日成立的。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) 表示在幾月幾號(hào)時(shí)，要用介詞 on，如果只有表示在哪個(gè)月，則用介詞 in。例如：in January 在元月
( 2 ) July 1 的正式寫(xiě)法為 July lst . 讀作 July the first .
20 . You can see these signs in a museum . 在博物館里，你能夠看到這些標(biāo)志。
［釋疑］sign “標(biāo)志，符號(hào)”。例如：
Dark cloud is a sign of rain . 烏去是下雨的跡象。
You must know the traffic signs . 你必須知道各種交通標(biāo)志。
21 . Where else can you see them ? 你還能在別的地方看見(jiàn)它們嗎 ?
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) else 為副詞，“別的”其他的”。放在疑問(wèn)副詞或疑問(wèn)代詞后。又如：
What else can you do ? 你還能做什么 ?
Who else will go there with me ? 還有誰(shuí)將和我一起去那里 ?
( 2 ) else 還經(jīng)常放在不定代詞后使用，
22 . Look up the new words in a dictionary . 在詞典里查這些生詞。
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) look up 在此作“查閱”，注意不可說(shuō) look a dictionary .
( 2 ) 當(dāng) look up 的賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)，必須把代詞放在 up 之前。
23 . 相似詞 find 與 found 的區(qū)別
［釋疑］find ( 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn) ) ，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為 found , found .
found ( 成立，建立 ) ，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為 founded , founded .
When was the Party founded ? 黨是什么時(shí)候建立的 ?
He opened the box . and found it empty . 他把這箱子打開(kāi)，發(fā)覺(jué)它是空的。
He found that the door was closed . 他發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)已關(guān)了。
He founded a hospital in the town . 他在城里創(chuàng)辦了一所醫(yī)院。
24 . 行為動(dòng)詞 do 的用法
［釋疑］①do 通常意謂“工作”或“從事某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)起某項(xiàng)工作或活動(dòng)，而又不確指某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)時(shí)，常用 do 來(lái)表達(dá)。如：
Do something ! 做點(diǎn)什么吧 !
— What are you doing ? 你在干什么 ?
— I\'m reading . 我在讀書(shū)。 ( 即：That\'s what I\'m doing . )
— What did you do this morning ? 你今天上午做了什么事 ?
— I wrote some letters . 我寫(xiě)了幾封信。 ( 即：That\'s what I did . )
— What have you done ? 你干了什么事呀 ?
— I\'ve broken this glass . 我把這玻璃杯打碎了。 ( 即：That\'s what I\'ve done . )
②意謂“做”的 do，常與 some / any / no 連用。如：
Haven\'t you got anything to do ? 你有什么事可干嗎 ?
I\'ve got nothing to do . 我沒(méi)事可干。
I\'m not going to do any work . 我將什么工作也不做。
③可用 do 來(lái)避免重復(fù)前面已用過(guò)的動(dòng)詞。
Mary works 16 hours a day . I don\'t know how she does it . 瑪麗每天工作16小時(shí)，我不知道她是怎樣工作的。
That the dog for a walk . — I\'ve already done it .
你帶狗去散散步。 — 我已經(jīng)這樣做了。
在簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中，可用 do 避免重復(fù)問(wèn)句中的動(dòng)詞。如：
— Does he also study English ?
— Yes , he does . / No , he does not .
④動(dòng)名詞前的 do , do + 動(dòng)名詞可表示指明的工作。如：
do ( some ) shopping 買(mǎi)東西 / do the washing 洗衣服， do ( a lot of ) swimming ( 常 ) 游泳 / do some reading 讀點(diǎn)書(shū)
⑤do 和 make 的比較：
make 常用來(lái)表達(dá)“制造或創(chuàng)造”，do 表示從事某一活動(dòng)，但含義不明確。試比較：
— What are you doing ? 你在做什么 ?
— I\'m making a cake . 我在做蛋糕。
— What are you making ? 你在制做什么 ?
— A cake . 蛋糕。
do 和 make 都有各種固定的組合，例如：
do the homework 做功課 / do the housework 做家務(wù) / do the cooking 烹調(diào) / do shopping 購(gòu)物/ do one\'s best 盡力而為 / do someone a favour 幫某人的忙/ do good ( harm ) to sb . 對(duì)某人有好 ( 壞 ) 處。/ be made of 用…制造 / be made from 由…制造/ make a face 扮鬼臉 / make fun of 嘲笑/ make money 賺錢(qián) / make progress 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步/ make ready to 準(zhǔn)備好 / make the best of 充分利用/ make up one\'s mind 下決心 / make use of 利用
25 . 問(wèn)路和應(yīng)答
［釋疑］ ( 1 ) 常用的問(wèn)路表示方法：
Excuse me . Where\'s the post office ? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)去郵局的路怎么走 ?
Excuse me . Can you tell me the way to the bank ? 你能告訴我去銀行的路怎么走嗎 ?
How can I get to the police station ? 怎樣才能到警察局 ?
Excuse me . Can you show me the way to the hospital ? 你能告訴我去醫(yī)院怎么走嗎 ?
Which direction is it to the theater ? 朝哪個(gè)方向走才能到達(dá)劇院 ?
( 2 ) 常用的指路表達(dá)
Go along this street , take the second turning on the right . 沿著這條街走，在第二個(gè)路口向右拐。
GO straight ahead , it\'s about two hundred metres from here . 一直朝前走，離這大約200米遠(yuǎn)。
The restaurant is across the street from the hotel , you can\'t miss it . 餐館就在旅館的街對(duì)面，你不會(huì)找不到的。
Go that way for two blocks , them turn left at the first crossing . 朝那邊走兩個(gè)街區(qū)，然后在第一個(gè)十字路口向左拐。
26 . 常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志和說(shuō)明
［釋疑］BUSINESS HOUES 營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間
OFFICE HOURS 工作時(shí)間
OPEN 營(yíng)業(yè)中
CLOSED 關(guān)門(mén)
PULL 拉
PUSH 推
ON ( 機(jī)器、電器等 ) 開(kāi)著，正在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)等
OFF ( 機(jī)器、電器等 ) 關(guān)著，不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
ENTRANCE 入口
EXIT 出口
INSTRUCTIONS 說(shuō)明、須知
FRAGILE 易碎的
THIS SIDE UP 把這面向上
MENU 菜單
NO SMOKING 請(qǐng)勿吸煙
NO PARKING 禁止停車(chē)
NO PHOTOS 禁止拍照
DANGER 危險(xiǎn)
PLAY 播放
STOP 停止
PAUSE 暫停
【 妙文賞析 】
1 . No Use Cleaning
Dad : This damned ( 該死的 ) watch stopped again . I have to get it cleaned .
Son : It\'s no use cleaning it , Dad . I washed it for you last night when I was washing my face .
2 . Is Sunday Their Day Off ?
Teacher : A farmer collects ( 收集 ) five eggs every day . So how many eggs does he collect in a week ?
Student : That depends on ( 取決于 ) whether his hens work on Sundays .
3 . A good Dream
Mike : Kate , I dreamed ( 作夢(mèng) ) a good dream last night . I got full marks for maths . Do you know what it means ?
Kate : Yes . It means you studied very hard in dreams .
4 . Where Are the Alps ?
One day Ann was doing her homework . Suddenly ( 突然 ) she asked her father , “Dad , where are the Alps ( 阿爾卑斯山 ) , do you know ? ”
“Go and ask your mother , ”said her father . “I don\'t know where she put them . ”
5 . Very Expensive ( 貴 )
A man was watching a basketball game with his five - year - old son on his knees ( 膝蓋 ) . Suddenly the boy asked . “Is the ball very expensive , Dad ? ”
“What makes you think so ? ”the father asked .
“If not , ”said the little boy , “why doesn\'t each of them buy one for himself ? ”
【 思維體操 】
請(qǐng)同學(xué)們開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋解答下列問(wèn)題
1 . Terry is older than Mark and Sam is younger than Terry . Which of the fol
lowing statements is most accurate ?
( a ) Sam is older than Mark .
( b ) Sam is younger than Mark .
( c ) Sam is as old as Mark .
( d ) It is impossible to tell whether Sam or Mark is older .
2 . Which of the five makes the best comparison ?
Leap is to peal as 8326 is to :
2368 6283 2683 6382 3628
( a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d ) ( e )
3 . Anne received ?o . 59 change from a supermarket purchase ( 購(gòu)買(mǎi)物 ) Of the eleven coins she received in change , three were exactly alike . These three coins had to be :
PENNIES NLCKELS DIMES QUARTERS HALF DOLLARS
( a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d ) ( e )
( dime 1角硬幣，nickel l5分鎳幣，pennies 1分硬幣 )
答案： 1 . D Without more information it is impossible to tell . We only know that both Mark and Sam are younger than Terry .
2 . D Substitute numbers for letters : L = 8 , E = 3 , A = 2 , P =6 . Peal =
6328 .
3 . B Four dimes , three nickels , and four pennies is the only solution .
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + was ( were ) + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。
陳述句 ( Statements ) : The letter was written a week ago . 這封信是一星期前寫(xiě)的。
疑問(wèn)句 ( Questions ) : Was the letter written a week ago ? / When was the letter written ? 例句：
The museum was built two years ago . 這個(gè)博物館是兩年前建成的。
Was the thief caught by a policeman ? 這個(gè)小偷是被警察抓住的嗎 ?
Where were the children found ? 孩子們是在哪被發(fā)現(xiàn)的 ?
When was the watch bought ? 這塊手表是什么時(shí)候買(mǎi)的 ?
The thermos were used for keeping water hot . 這些暖水瓶是用于保存熱水的。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的四個(gè)步驟：
①把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主動(dòng)。
②把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中 be 的時(shí)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)相同。
③把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)?by 的賓語(yǔ) ( 如為代詞，主格形式變成賓語(yǔ)形式 ) 。如果動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或說(shuō)明，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。
Everybody likes Tom . 大家都喜歡湯姆。
Tom is liked by everybody . 湯姆被大家喜歡。
He wrote a letter . 他寫(xiě)了一封信。
A letter was written by him . 這信是他寫(xiě)的。
They are building a road . 他們正在修一條路。
A rood is being built ( by them ) . 那條路在修建中。
含有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中若有兩上賓語(yǔ) ( 直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ) ) ，通常將表示人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)主語(yǔ)，而直接賓語(yǔ) ( 表示物的 ) 作為保留賓語(yǔ)而不動(dòng)。有時(shí)也可將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)作為保留賓語(yǔ)而不動(dòng)，但其前通常要加介詞 to 或 for。如：
He gave me some books . 他給了我一些書(shū)。 ( 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )
I was given some books . ( 間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) ) ( 較常見(jiàn) )
Some books were given to me . ( 直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) )
Father bought me a pen . 父親給我買(mǎi)了支鋼筆。
I was bought a pen . ( 間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) )
A pen was bought for me . ( 直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) )
含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中如有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) ( 即：賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ) ，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只將復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的邏輯主語(yǔ) ( 即賓語(yǔ) ) 變成主語(yǔ)，其余部分不動(dòng)。如：
We found him working in the fields . 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在田里工作。
He was found working in the fields . 他被發(fā)現(xiàn)在田里工作。
They named the baby Mary . 他們給這個(gè)小嬰兒取名瑪麗。
We elected Xiao Zhang our team leader . 我們選小張當(dāng)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
Xiao Zhang was elected our team leader . 小張被選為我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
【 動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦 】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
在改寫(xiě)后的句子空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)單詞，使句意合乎要求或與原文相符。
1 . Can you tell me the way to the Palace Museum ?
Can you tell me ____ ____ ____ the Palace Museum ?
2 . People around the earth like playing football .
People ____ ____ the world like playing football .
3 . There are many computers on show in the exhibition hall .
There are ____ ____ ____ computers on show in the exhibition hall .
4 . I don\'t know how I should answer this question .
I don\'t know ____ _____ ____ this question .
5 . You can\'t miss the hospital .
____ very easy ____ ____ the hospital .
6 . Be careful when you go across the road in the city .
____ care when you ____ the road in the city .
7 . It made me feel worried .
I was made ____ ____ worried .
8 . The bottle is filled with cold water .
The bottle ____ full ____ cold water .
【創(chuàng)新園地 】
在短文空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞
One day , when Mr Smith came home ( 1 ) work , he found his wife very angry ( 2 ) something . Mr Smith always thought that he was more sensible ( 理智 ) than his wife , so he started to give her a lesson on the importance of always keeping quiet . Finally he said , “It\'s a waste ( 3 ) time to get excited ( 4 ) small things . Train ( 訓(xùn)練 ) yourself to be quiet , ( 5 ) me . Now , look ( 6 ) the fly ( 蒼蠅 ) . It has just stood on my nose . Am I getting excited or angry ? Am I shouting or moving my arms around ? No , I\'m not . I\'m very quiet . ”
Just as he had said this , Mr Smith started shouting . He jumped ( 7 ) and began to move his arms ( 8 ) widely . He couldn\'t speak ( 9 ) some time , but ( 10 ) last he was able to tell his wife : the thing ( 11 ) his nose hadn\'t been a fly , it had been a terrible bee .
( 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們把你的答案反饋給我們 )
【 創(chuàng)新園地】答案：
1 . from 2 . about 3 . of 4 . about 5 . like 6 . at 7 . up 8 . around 9 . for 10 . at 11 . on

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