j校里還需要教些什么？

　你可能聽說過哥倫比亞大學(xué)新任校長(zhǎng)伯林格先生已暫緩尋找新的新聞學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)的消息。伯林格先生說，在這樣一個(gè)整個(gè)世界正在朝著一條全球化，信息饑渴，市場(chǎng)利益決定一切的道路處飛速進(jìn)化的極其不穩(wěn)定的大環(huán)境下，學(xué)校必然重新審視它的使命所在。
你可以想像，這對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)在J�！�—新聞圈的人都這么來稱呼這一新聞?dòng)?xùn)練基地——學(xué)習(xí)了10個(gè)月的學(xué)生們的心目中造成怎樣的影響。在這里，他們——或者是他們的父母，他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)資助人——把三萬多美金交給了一個(gè)現(xiàn)在看來既無固定領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也無許可的學(xué)校，他們把學(xué)費(fèi)的現(xiàn)金支票都交完了，卻不知道這到底是怎么一回事。
哥倫比亞大學(xué)也還是有些說法的。或許有些人正在重新考慮該如何來教授那些能讓新一代的記者一個(gè)個(gè)都成為合格的“Mc Laughlin 集團(tuán)”的成員的技巧。
自從伯林格說了這番話之后，新聞業(yè)的人事引發(fā)了對(duì)新聞學(xué)院未來前景的爭(zhēng)論。一些老者教授校友對(duì)于那些一塵不變的基礎(chǔ)技能將讓位于例如交流理論這樣虛無漂渺的課程表示了關(guān)注。擔(dān)心者們說，這樣以來，當(dāng)新聞線索在截稿期限前5分鐘才出現(xiàn)時(shí)，這些年輕的記者們將如何應(yīng)對(duì)？這種擔(dān)心引致了學(xué)校代理院長(zhǎng)大衛(wèi)克拉特作出承諾，任何課程的改變都不會(huì)破壞我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)技能課程的提供。

現(xiàn)在你可能會(huì)感到奇怪為什么你會(huì)在意這件事。顯然，新聞媒體正如現(xiàn)代巫術(shù)一樣具有廣泛的覆蓋面。它消息靈通，無所不能。主宰著一切，從Britney Spears 的流行到美國(guó)是否會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)打擊伊拉克。從來不去在乎這些報(bào)道究竟有多少的現(xiàn)實(shí)性。只有猜測(cè)。
即便如此，我們是否就該去養(yǎng)活一大批該說話時(shí)卻不說話的記者呢？新聞從業(yè)者的受訓(xùn)情況關(guān)乎每一個(gè)美國(guó)人，包括一名專欄作家，盡管他從來沒有在J 校上過學(xué)，對(duì)這件事情也很有些想法。
對(duì)于新手來說，年輕的新聞收集者必需知道如何明智地運(yùn)用技術(shù)。也就是在任何情況下他們必須被教會(huì)始終手握鉛筆�！　�
電腦癱瘓，掌中寶失靈，或圓珠筆油因?yàn)閲?yán)寒而凍結(jié)，鋼筆的筆尖一碰到火類的東西就報(bào)廢，要不就是筆跡經(jīng)水一浸就模糊不清了。鉛筆就不會(huì)給你造成這些麻煩，當(dāng)然，只要你把它削尖了。
年輕記者需要掌握外語，越帶有異國(guó)情調(diào)越好。試想一下如果他們會(huì)說普什圖語而且在阿富汗工作。再試想一下，誰想睡在坎大哈的泥沼里？最好還是留在法國(guó)，為被委派到巴黎做準(zhǔn)備，或者是在任何一個(gè)晚上，讓餐館掘走你的鈔票。
道德倫理課是無法避免的，可以選擇的是學(xué)生們通過簡(jiǎn)單的記憶新聞道德學(xué)來把節(jié)省的時(shí)間更多地投入到他們的興趣追蹤去。而對(duì)于那些過于龐大的章節(jié)則棄之窗外。
年輕的記者需要學(xué)會(huì)躲避災(zāi)禍。
站在他們立場(chǎng)，他們必需被選拔告知千萬別與攝影師一起進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境，因?yàn)閿z影師們都是瘋狂的。他們之中最優(yōu)秀的就是徹頭徹尾的狂人。當(dāng)有人在互相掃射的時(shí)候，他們就站在那兒。而你在這種情況下也會(huì)受傷。
忘記那些課本中教你的措詞吧。諸如，“不可引用”“背景資料”“深入背景資料”。因?yàn)闆]有人會(huì)理解其中的區(qū)別。除此之外，它們通常都是沒用的，除非你要在華盛頓開創(chuàng)你的事業(yè)生涯，正如拉塞爾貝克所說的那樣：等著那些政客們撇開一切真相，跟你大撒其謊。
J校的學(xué)生們還應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)如何求得生存。比如說安排你去采訪某一事件，當(dāng)食物已經(jīng)擺好，一條不成文的規(guī)定就是先吃后付帳。借用我以前在紐約郵報(bào)的一個(gè)同事Bernard Bard的一句話，如果不能隨機(jī)而動(dòng)，那就不是新聞學(xué)。
最后也是最關(guān)鍵的一條。新聞學(xué)院的學(xué)生必需學(xué)會(huì)，從來不要在心情好的時(shí)候來準(zhǔn)備你的支出帳單。
好好想想吧，這對(duì)每個(gè)人來說都是一個(gè)合理的財(cái)政建議。記住伯林格說過的話：只有在你身陷其中的時(shí)候，你才會(huì)想到，要是能聽聽商業(yè)學(xué)院的 課程就好了。
來源: www.nytimes.com, 中華傳媒網(wǎng)編輯編譯
What They Don't Teach at J-School
By CLYDE HABERMAN
YOU may have read that Columbia University's new president, Lee C.Bollinger, has suspended the search for a new dean of the university'sGraduate School of Journalism. First, Mr. Bollinger said, the schoolmust re-examine its mission in a world that is uncertain, rapidlyevolving, globalizing, information-hungry, market-driven and so on andso forth.
One can only imagine what must be going through the minds of studentswho just began 10 months of study at the J-school, as this trainingground for news gatherers is commonly called. Here they are — they ortheir parents or their loan sharks — paying more than $30,000 to a placethat now has no permanent leader and admits, after having cashed thetuition checks, that it is not sure what it is all about.

   
j校里還需要教些什么？ 　
Still, Columbia may have a point. Perhaps some rethinking is in order onhow to teach the skills that will qualify a new generation ofjournalists to scream at one another on "The McLaughlin Group."
Since Mr. Bollinger spoke out, people in the news business have debatedthe J-school's future. Some professors and alumni have expressed concernthat the gritty basics of the craft will give way to ethereal courses incommunications theory and the like. How in the name of Brenda Starr, theworriers say, will that help young reporters know what to do when newssources hang up on them five minutes before deadline? The fretting hasled to assurances from David A. Klatell, the school's acting dean, thatany curriculum changes will not undermine "our traditional `craft'offerings."
論文J校里還需要教些什么？來自

By now, you may be wondering why you should care. Simple. The news mediais widely cast as a modern Wizard of Oz, all-knowing and all-powerful,deciding everything from the popularity of Britney Spears to whether theUnited States goes to war against Iraq. Never mind if this squares withreality. The perception is there.
And given that, can we afford to have journalists who are dumber than isabsolutely necessary? Their training matters to every American,including a columnist who, despite never having gone to the J-school,has a few thoughts on the subject.
FOR starters, young news gatherers have to know how to use technologywisely. That being the case, they must be taught to always carry a pencil.
Computers crash, Palm Pilots fail, ballpoint pens freeze in harsh coldand felt-tip pens are useless when covering something like a fire; thespray from the hoses washes away the ink. Pencils never let you down —as long as you keep them sharp, of course.
Young journalists need to learn foreign languages, the more exotic thebetter. Think of the job they could do in Afghanistan if they spokePashto. Then again, who wants to sleep on a mud floor in Kandahar?Better to stick with French, preparing for a Paris assignment andevenings at all those restaurants run by Alain Ducasse (whose name, bythe way, means "Give me your wallet").

   
j校里還需要教些什么？ 　
A course in ethics is inevitable. Alternatively, students can save timefor more interesting pursuits by simply remembering that journalisticethics is that which some are prepared to toss out the window if thestory is big enough.
Young reporters need to be taught to avoid clichés like the plague.
They must also be told never to enter a dangerous situation with aphotographer at their side. Photographers are crazy. The best ones areabsolutely nuts. They stand right there while people are shooting ateach other. You can get hurt that way.
Forget about courses that teach phrases like "off the record,""background" and "deep background." Nobody really understands thedistinctions. Besides, they are generally useless unless you want tospend your career in Washington, waiting, as Russell Baker said, forpoliticians to come out from behind closed doors to lie to you.
Every J-school needs a survival course. Let's say that you are assignedto cover an event where food is served. An inflexible rule is to eatfirst and take notes second. To borrow from Bernard Bard, a colleague atThe New York Post years ago, if it ain't catered, it ain't journalism.
Finally and this one is critical — J-school students must learn never toprepare their expense-account statements when they are in a good mood.The tendency is to err in the company's favor. They will make out farbetter when really angry.
Come to think of it, that's sound financial advice for everyone. Memo toMr. Bollinger: You may want to tinker with the business school'scurriculum while you're at it.
Source: www.nytimes.com

   
j校里還需要教些什么？

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