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高考英語(yǔ)“短文改錯(cuò)”命題分析及應(yīng)試策略探究
高考英語(yǔ)“短文改錯(cuò)”命題分析及應(yīng)試策略探究作者/ 陳剛
摘 要:從考綱對(duì)短文改錯(cuò)的要求、題型特點(diǎn)、做題策略闡述了應(yīng)如何改錯(cuò)。
關(guān)鍵詞:短文改錯(cuò);應(yīng)試策略;高考英語(yǔ)
“短文改錯(cuò)”在高考英語(yǔ)卷面中占15分。分析近年高考,很多考生對(duì)該題型望而生畏。下面筆者結(jié)合多年高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課的經(jīng)驗(yàn),據(jù)近年陜西高考真題,談?wù)勅绾翁岣摺岸涛母腻e(cuò)”題型的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。
一、考綱對(duì)短文改錯(cuò)題的要求
在一篇約100個(gè)單詞的短文中,要求考生判斷是否有誤,如有,將其改正。錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等。
二、短文改錯(cuò)題的題型特點(diǎn)
1.選文特點(diǎn)
題材多為日常生活。語(yǔ)言淺易,語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單。
2.設(shè)錯(cuò)特點(diǎn)
短文中所出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是較為常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,并不難發(fā)現(xiàn)與改正。一般錯(cuò)誤為,錯(cuò)一詞居多,多一詞或少一詞次之。
3.錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn)
據(jù)考綱要求,錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)往往在詞法、句法、行文邏輯等項(xiàng)目上。
4.考查特點(diǎn)
“短文改錯(cuò)”題側(cè)重考查考生對(duì)短文語(yǔ)境的理解。三種錯(cuò)誤,考生必須從語(yǔ)境中總體把握,才能糾正錯(cuò)誤。
5.對(duì)考生的要求
考生必須按試題要求答題。即,如有錯(cuò)誤,則按下列情況改正:多一詞,把多余的詞用斜線劃掉;缺一詞,在缺詞處加上漏字符(∧),在∧下寫(xiě)出該加的詞;錯(cuò)一詞,在錯(cuò)詞下劃一橫線,在橫線下寫(xiě)出改正后的詞。
三、做“短文改錯(cuò)”題型的策略
由于“短文改錯(cuò)”題型側(cè)重考查語(yǔ)境理解,所以考生在做該題時(shí),最重要的是要先通讀短文,掌握大意,按照短文語(yǔ)境的線索去發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤;再據(jù)“短文改錯(cuò)”題型的命題特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析、判斷和糾正錯(cuò)誤。下面筆者借近幾年高考“短文改錯(cuò)”真題,談?wù)効忌龆涛母腻e(cuò)題時(shí)應(yīng)具備的策略。
1.在詞法方面
歷年高考短文改錯(cuò)題側(cè)重考查名詞、動(dòng)詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、連詞、介詞等。
。1)名詞
根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,一般將單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。例:
。兾2009)…and they take him lots of good book and fresh fruit.
。╞ooks)
。兾2011)…making a new film with one of my favourite actor.
。╝ctors)
。兾2012)…and we enjoyed several local dish. (dishes)
(陜西2013)Within the next few minute, … (minutes)
。2)動(dòng)詞
據(jù)語(yǔ)境,動(dòng)詞方面的設(shè)錯(cuò)主要在時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)上。例:
。兾2010)My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping…(were)
(陜西2011)By the time I got back,they have finished the
scene…(had)
(陜西2012)…I stayed…when we visit Beijing last month.(visited)
。兾2013)One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake. (went)
通過(guò)以上近年高考真題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面的設(shè)錯(cuò)幾乎年年考查。并且考生只有緊扣語(yǔ)篇,才能發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正錯(cuò)誤。
。3)冠詞
冠詞“短文改錯(cuò)”中設(shè)錯(cuò)一般為錯(cuò)用、多用或少用。例:
。兾2008)In the fact,there were four tickets on the seat. (去掉第一個(gè)the)
。兾2009)…so he often gets into the trouble.(去掉the)
。兾2011)He was right there in the front of me。╰he去掉)
。兾2012)It is such ∧ great hotel that I would recommend
it… (加a)
。兾2013)Finally, there was… and ∧ fish was caught.(加a)
。4)形容詞、副詞
形容詞、副詞在“短文設(shè)錯(cuò)”中的設(shè)錯(cuò)特點(diǎn)一般為:形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的誤用,形容詞與副詞的混用。例:
。兾2010) The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as…(em-
barrassed)
。兾2011)Unfortunately,by the time I got back, they had fini-
shed the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. (anywhere)
。兾2012)We lived in a comfortably double-room…(comfortable)
。兾2013)…,I was beginning to get impatiently. (impatient)
。5)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在“短文改錯(cuò)”中的設(shè)錯(cuò)一般在以下幾個(gè)方面:-ing與-ed形式混用;帶to不定式與不帶to不定式混用;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混用。例:
。兾2011)I was really disappointing and about to leave … (dis-
appointed)
。兾2012)I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. (taken)
(陜西2013)Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake… (Feeling)
(6)介詞
介詞在“短文改錯(cuò)”中的考查重點(diǎn)在于介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配,介詞與形容詞的搭配和介詞與名詞的搭配等。例:
。兾2008)The tickets were on Sunday evening. (for)
。兾2011)I was really disappointed and about to leave when
he walked out ∧ a building. (of)
。兾2012)I also shared for my friends many photos taken in
Beijing. (with)
2.在句法方面
高考“短文改錯(cuò)”題在句法上,重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)句子類(lèi)型、主謂一致以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握等。例:
(陜西2011)I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had my…! (have)
。兾2012)What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet …(was)
。兾2013)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole… (was)
由此可見(jiàn),考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),必須認(rèn)真把握好最基本的英語(yǔ)句法知識(shí)。
3.行文邏輯
行文邏輯設(shè)錯(cuò)旨在考查考生對(duì)句子中各成分之間關(guān)系的理解和掌握情況。例:
(陜西2011)I didn’t have my camera with me at that time,but I rushed back home to get it. (so/ and)
(陜西2012)…recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. (mine)
。兾2013)As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water. (去掉so)
綜上所述,只要考生掌握了比較扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),吃透考綱,在把握語(yǔ)境的前提下,具備良好的應(yīng)試策略,就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤、判斷錯(cuò)誤和糾正錯(cuò)誤。
參考文獻(xiàn):
任志鴻。十年高考。南方出版社,2012-06.
。ㄗ髡邌挝 陜西省鎮(zhèn)安中學(xué))
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