介詞短語在句中分析與翻譯的實例02

21．Inability to build high-voltage generators and motors gives to the transformer immediate　recognition as a highly flexible link between the generation and distribution of electrical energy．

　　制造高壓發(fā)電機和高壓電動機是不可能的，這就立即使人們認識到變壓器是發(fā)電與配電之 間靈活性很高的中間環(huán)節(jié)�！�(本句是簡單句。主語是inability，謂語是gives，賓語是recognition。不定式短語to build。．．motors作定語，修飾inability。give recognition to．．．a(chǎn)s．．·，“承認……是……”。介詞短語between—．energy作定語，修飾link。)



22．The mildness of its climate，with slight temperature variations and infrequent rainfall，combined with a high average level of sunshine and brilliant shies，a11 make it idea for tourism　whether by winter or by summer．　　

　　宜人的氣候、變化不大的溫度、稀少的雨量、燦爛的陽光以及明媚的天空，所有這一切使 突尼斯成為冬夏理想的旅游勝地。(with．．．和combined with把三個主語連接起來。all是總括詞，總括上述的三個主語。idea是it賓語補足語。it代替上文中Tunisia突尼斯。bywinter．．．這里by作“當……時候”解。例：They don't work by day but by night．他們?nèi)臻g不工作，夜間工作。whether．．or，“不論是……還是”，用作連詞，連接兩個并列成分。)



　　23．We explain the differences between gases and liquids bysaying that the molecules in a liquid are not moving about so fredy as the molecules in a gas and are very much closer together．

液體分子不像氣體分子那樣能自由地到處運動，而是比較緊密地聚集在一起，我們以此來解釋氣體和液體之間的區(qū)別。(介詞短語by saying．．．作方式方法狀語，說明謂語explain。)



　　24．For about the last 200 years，the structural theory has been devdoped by scientists，mathematicians and engineers，with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation．

　　大約近200年來，科學家、數(shù)學家和工程師們發(fā)展了結構理論，其目的在于通過計算給結構物的設計工作提供可靠的基礎�！�(with．．．obiect．．．for．．．是介詞復合結構，起目的狀語作用。)



　　25．By the quiet persistence of the truth-seekers，　working upstream against the flow of ancient prejudice，mankind has entered into new realm of health，and the borderlines of death have been　pressed farther back．

　　由于真理探索者頂著守舊派偏見的逆流，默默無聞、堅持不懈地努力工作，人類才得以進 入了新的健康王國，而死亡的界線則被拋到離我們更遠的地方。(介詞短語By．．．truth-seekers用作原因狀語，說明謂語動詞hasentered。)　　



　　26．When a man picks up a weight from the floor and raises it above his head，　he has in effect　inserted his body between the weight and the earth and pushed the weight one way with his hands，and thee arth the other way with his feet．

　　當一個人從地板上拿起重物并把它舉到頭頂上時，實際上他是把自己的身體置于重物與地 面之間，他用雙手朝著一個方向推著重物，而用雙腳朝著另一方向推著地面。(pick up，“拿起”。in effect，“實際上”。one way，“朝著一個方向”。the other way，"朝著另一方向”。這兩個短語前均省略介詞in，作狀語。and與the earth之間省略了謂語pushed。)



　　27．But this is not possible because of the size of the country，with the distance from Dehli to Madras，for example，being greater than that from London to Rome．

　　但這是不可能的，因為印度面積大，譬如，從德里到馬德拉斯的距離，就比倫敦到羅馬還 要遠。(with，名詞+分詞的結構，可用作狀語和定語。句中with the distance．．。being用作定 語，對size進行補充說明。that from．．．that代替distance。)



　　28．Even at this moment many Of the earth's natural treasures are being destroyed，

manyvaluable animals and plants are been killed off，it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough　foods to preserve much of the earth's population from stavation．

　　甚至現(xiàn)在，地球上的許多自然財富正遭到破壞，許多珍稀動植物已面臨滅絕之災，為使地球上大多數(shù)人口免于饑餓而生產(chǎn)出足夠的糧食也越來越困難了。(to preserve．．．from，“使……免于”。)



　　29．If the Earth，Moon and Sun move into a direct line，with the Moon in the middle，the dark body of the Moon blots out the briliant disk of the Sun，and we witness a solar eslipse．

　　假如地球、月球和太陽運行到一條直線上，月球在中間，那么月球的暗體就遮住了太陽的亮盤，于是我們便看到日食。(with the Moon in the middle是with引出的介詞復合結構，在句中起補充說明作用。)



　　30．As natural science treats of the mutual transformation，changes and development of various kinds of matter，it is of great tmportance for us to make a profound study of it so that we may control the phenomena of nature．　

自于自然科學研究的是各種物質(zhì)的相互轉化、變化和發(fā)展，因而我們深入研究自然科學以便控制各種自然現(xiàn)象，這具有重大意義。(treat of．．，"論述”。帶邏輯主體for us的不定式短浯to make．．．nature作主語，it是形式主語。so that引導目的狀語從句。be of．．，“具有”。)



　　31．With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its　sake——and war。

　　隨著有了灌溉，糧食就有了剩余，這就意味著大批人就可解脫出來從事農(nóng)業(yè)以外的工作一發(fā)展工藝，研究其學問——甚至參加戰(zhàn)爭�！�(with．．．“隨著”，引導的短語作狀語。

　With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food是倒裝語序，food是主語，came是謂語。which引導特種定語從句，指上句話。不定式to pursue．．。war有結果狀語的意味。)



　　32．First of all，　Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse·　　-

　　開普勒首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了每個行星都以橢圓曲線繞太陽運行，太陽則位于橢圓的焦點。(with the　sun at，．．為介詞復合結構作狀語，補充說明。)　



　33．It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance．

　　應該注意，火箭的推力與大氣無關，在沒有大氣的情況下，由于空氣阻力減小，火箭實際上會運行得更好。(in the absence of anatmosphere含有虛擬條件的意味。)



　　34．Electrical power is always carried over long distances as a high-tension current at low-currentstrength．It is also sent as an alternating current，for such current is comparatively easily transformed eitherup ordown in voltage．

　　電力總是以高電壓低電流的方式進行遠距離輸送的，又是以交流電的形式送電的，因為這種交流電易于升壓或降壓。(兩個as構成的介詞短語都用作方式方法狀語，分別說明iscarried和issent。)



　35．When one considers the immense change in the size and reliability of computers and all other electronic devices that has taken place，it is clean that computers for doing this type of control of movement according to sense impression will certainly be available．

　　當我們考慮到計算機和其他所有電子器件在尺寸和可靠性方面所發(fā)生的極大變化時，就不難明白，根據(jù)感覺進行這類活動控制的計算機一定會出現(xiàn)。(for．．．movement是computers的定語，介詞短語according to sense impression作狀語，說明動名詞doing。)

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